![\"\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645](\"http:\/\/103.143.239.170\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/pcb-design-2.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n1.1 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 (DRC)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
1.2 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a (EMC)<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 (DFM)<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (DFT)<\/strong>: \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642<\/strong>: \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n2.1 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 (\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/strong>: \u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
2.2 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
2.3 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (PDN)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 PDN \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
![\"\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645](\"http:\/\/103.143.239.170\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/pcb-design-3.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n3.1 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
3.2 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0632\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
3.3 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/strong>: \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a ADC\/DAC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h2>\n\n\n\n4.1 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (ERC)<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 (DRC)<\/strong>: \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 PDN<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
4.2 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u0628\u0631<\/strong>: \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631<\/strong>: \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/strong>: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (BOM)<\/strong>: \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong>: \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n5.1 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 (HDI)<\/strong>: \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0642<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
5.2 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong>: \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/strong>: \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
5.3 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a RoHS<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong>: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
![\"\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645](\"http:\/\/103.143.239.170\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/pcb-design.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\nQ: 1. \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/strong><\/strong> A: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644A: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064aA: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/strong>: \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a EMC\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631: \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\/ \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":125,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[10],"class_list":["post-121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guide","tag-pcb-design"],"yoast_head":"\n
PCB Design Guide - hansphere<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Master PCB design with our guide: Solve signal integrity, power noise, and EMC issues. Get expert tips on high-speed layout, thermal management, and manufacturability.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PCB Design Guide - hansphere\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Master PCB design with our guide: Solve signal integrity, power noise, and EMC issues. 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Signal Distortion and Interference\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A: <strong>Problem<\/strong>: High-speed signal deformation and crosstalk<br\/><strong>Solutions<\/strong>:<br\/>1.Control impedance matching (calculate trace width and stack-up)<br\/>2.Place a complete ground plane adjacent to critical signals<br\/>3.Keep sensitive signal spacing \u2265 3 times the trace width<br\/>4.Prioritize short paths and minimize vias for high-speed signals\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/#faq-question-1765697438855\",\"position\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/#faq-question-1765697438855\",\"name\":\"Q: 2. 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\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A: <strong>Problem<\/strong>: High-speed signal deformation and crosstalk<br\/><strong>Solutions<\/strong>:<br\/>1.Control impedance matching (calculate trace width and stack-up)<br\/>2.Place a complete ground plane adjacent to critical signals<br\/>3.Keep sensitive signal spacing \u2265 3 times the trace width<br\/>4.Prioritize short paths and minimize vias for high-speed signals","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/#faq-question-1765697438855","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/#faq-question-1765697438855","name":"\u0633: 2. \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0647\u0627","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A: <strong>Problem<\/strong>: Unstable chip power supply, system abnormal reset<br\/><strong>Solutions<\/strong>:<br\/>1.Use dedicated power\/ground layers to reduce impedance<br\/>2.Place decoupling capacitors in \"large-medium-small\" order near chip power pins<br\/>3.Isolate digital and analog power with beads\/0\u03a9 resistors at a single point","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/#faq-question-1765697477531","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/#faq-question-1765697477531","name":"\u0633: 3. \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A: <strong>Problem<\/strong>: EMC test failures, abnormal operation under high temperature<br\/><strong>Solutions<\/strong>:<br\/>1.Minimize high-frequency signal loop area<br\/>2.Partition digital\/analog\/power ground and connect at a single point<br\/>3.Distribute heat-generating components and add thermal vias and copper pours","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=121"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":135,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121\/revisions\/135"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=121"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=121"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=121"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
1.2 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a (EMC)<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 (DFM)<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (DFT)<\/strong>: \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642<\/strong>: \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n2.1 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 (\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/strong>: \u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
2.2 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
2.3 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (PDN)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 PDN \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n3.1 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
3.2 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0632\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
3.3 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/strong>: \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a ADC\/DAC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h2>\n\n\n\n4.1 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (ERC)<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 (DRC)<\/strong>: \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 PDN<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
4.2 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u0628\u0631<\/strong>: \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631<\/strong>: \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/strong>: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (BOM)<\/strong>: \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong>: \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n5.1 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 (HDI)<\/strong>: \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0642<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
5.2 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong>: \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/strong>: \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
5.3 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a RoHS<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong>: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\nQ: 1. \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/strong><\/strong> A: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644A: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064aA: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/strong>: \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a EMC\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631: \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\/ \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":125,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[10],"class_list":["post-121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guide","tag-pcb-design"],"yoast_head":"\n
PCB Design Guide - hansphere<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Master PCB design with our guide: Solve signal integrity, power noise, and EMC issues. Get expert tips on high-speed layout, thermal management, and manufacturability.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PCB Design Guide - hansphere\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Master PCB design with our guide: Solve signal integrity, power noise, and EMC issues. 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\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A: <strong>Problem<\/strong>: High-speed signal deformation and crosstalk<br\/><strong>Solutions<\/strong>:<br\/>1.Control impedance matching (calculate trace width and stack-up)<br\/>2.Place a complete ground plane adjacent to critical signals<br\/>3.Keep sensitive signal spacing \u2265 3 times the trace width<br\/>4.Prioritize short paths and minimize vias for high-speed signals","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/#faq-question-1765697438855","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/#faq-question-1765697438855","name":"\u0633: 2. \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0647\u0627","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A: <strong>Problem<\/strong>: Unstable chip power supply, system abnormal reset<br\/><strong>Solutions<\/strong>:<br\/>1.Use dedicated power\/ground layers to reduce impedance<br\/>2.Place decoupling capacitors in \"large-medium-small\" order near chip power pins<br\/>3.Isolate digital and analog power with beads\/0\u03a9 resistors at a single point","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/#faq-question-1765697477531","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/#faq-question-1765697477531","name":"\u0633: 3. \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A: <strong>Problem<\/strong>: EMC test failures, abnormal operation under high temperature<br\/><strong>Solutions<\/strong>:<br\/>1.Minimize high-frequency signal loop area<br\/>2.Partition digital\/analog\/power ground and connect at a single point<br\/>3.Distribute heat-generating components and add thermal vias and copper pours","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=121"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":135,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121\/revisions\/135"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=121"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=121"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=121"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n2.1 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 (\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/strong>: \u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
2.2 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
2.3 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (PDN)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 PDN \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n3.1 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
3.2 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0632\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
3.3 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/strong>: \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a ADC\/DAC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h2>\n\n\n\n4.1 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (ERC)<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 (DRC)<\/strong>: \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 PDN<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
4.2 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u0628\u0631<\/strong>: \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631<\/strong>: \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/strong>: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (BOM)<\/strong>: \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong>: \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n5.1 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 (HDI)<\/strong>: \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0642<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
5.2 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong>: \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/strong>: \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
5.3 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a RoHS<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong>: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\nQ: 1. \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/strong><\/strong> A: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644A: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064aA: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/strong>: \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a EMC\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631: \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\/ \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":125,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[10],"class_list":["post-121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guide","tag-pcb-design"],"yoast_head":"\n
PCB Design Guide - hansphere<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Master PCB design with our guide: Solve signal integrity, power noise, and EMC issues. Get expert tips on high-speed layout, thermal management, and manufacturability.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PCB Design Guide - hansphere\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Master PCB design with our guide: Solve signal integrity, power noise, and EMC issues. 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Signal Distortion and Interference\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A: <strong>Problem<\/strong>: High-speed signal deformation and crosstalk<br\/><strong>Solutions<\/strong>:<br\/>1.Control impedance matching (calculate trace width and stack-up)<br\/>2.Place a complete ground plane adjacent to critical signals<br\/>3.Keep sensitive signal spacing \u2265 3 times the trace width<br\/>4.Prioritize short paths and minimize vias for high-speed signals\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/#faq-question-1765697438855\",\"position\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/#faq-question-1765697438855\",\"name\":\"Q: 2. 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\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A: <strong>Problem<\/strong>: High-speed signal deformation and crosstalk<br\/><strong>Solutions<\/strong>:<br\/>1.Control impedance matching (calculate trace width and stack-up)<br\/>2.Place a complete ground plane adjacent to critical signals<br\/>3.Keep sensitive signal spacing \u2265 3 times the trace width<br\/>4.Prioritize short paths and minimize vias for high-speed signals","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/#faq-question-1765697438855","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/#faq-question-1765697438855","name":"\u0633: 2. \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0647\u0627","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A: <strong>Problem<\/strong>: Unstable chip power supply, system abnormal reset<br\/><strong>Solutions<\/strong>:<br\/>1.Use dedicated power\/ground layers to reduce impedance<br\/>2.Place decoupling capacitors in \"large-medium-small\" order near chip power pins<br\/>3.Isolate digital and analog power with beads\/0\u03a9 resistors at a single point","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/#faq-question-1765697477531","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/#faq-question-1765697477531","name":"\u0633: 3. \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A: <strong>Problem<\/strong>: EMC test failures, abnormal operation under high temperature<br\/><strong>Solutions<\/strong>:<br\/>1.Minimize high-frequency signal loop area<br\/>2.Partition digital\/analog\/power ground and connect at a single point<br\/>3.Distribute heat-generating components and add thermal vias and copper pours","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=121"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":135,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121\/revisions\/135"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=121"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=121"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=121"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
- \n
- \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 (\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/strong>: \u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
2.2 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
2.3 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (PDN)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 PDN \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
3.1 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
3.2 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0632\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
3.3 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/strong>: \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a ADC\/DAC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
4.1 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (ERC)<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 (DRC)<\/strong>: \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 PDN<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
4.2 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u0628\u0631<\/strong>: \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631<\/strong>: \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/strong>: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (BOM)<\/strong>: \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong>: \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
5.1 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 (HDI)<\/strong>: \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0642<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
5.2 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong>: \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/strong>: \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
5.3 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a RoHS<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong>: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Q: 1. \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/strong><\/strong>A: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644
Q: 2. \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/strong>A: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a
Q: 3. \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637<\/strong><\/strong>A: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/strong>: \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a EMC\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629
\u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631: \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\/ \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":125,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[10],"class_list":["post-121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guide","tag-pcb-design"],"yoast_head":"\n
PCB Design Guide - hansphere<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Master PCB design with our guide: Solve signal integrity, power noise, and EMC issues. Get expert tips on high-speed layout, thermal management, and manufacturability.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PCB Design Guide - hansphere\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Master PCB design with our guide: Solve signal integrity, power noise, and EMC issues. 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\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A: <strong>Problem<\/strong>: High-speed signal deformation and crosstalk<br\/><strong>Solutions<\/strong>:<br\/>1.Control impedance matching (calculate trace width and stack-up)<br\/>2.Place a complete ground plane adjacent to critical signals<br\/>3.Keep sensitive signal spacing \u2265 3 times the trace width<br\/>4.Prioritize short paths and minimize vias for high-speed signals","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/#faq-question-1765697438855","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/#faq-question-1765697438855","name":"\u0633: 2. \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0647\u0627","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A: <strong>Problem<\/strong>: Unstable chip power supply, system abnormal reset<br\/><strong>Solutions<\/strong>:<br\/>1.Use dedicated power\/ground layers to reduce impedance<br\/>2.Place decoupling capacitors in \"large-medium-small\" order near chip power pins<br\/>3.Isolate digital and analog power with beads\/0\u03a9 resistors at a single point","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/#faq-question-1765697477531","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/pcb-design-guide\/#faq-question-1765697477531","name":"\u0633: 3. \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A: <strong>Problem<\/strong>: EMC test failures, abnormal operation under high temperature<br\/><strong>Solutions<\/strong>:<br\/>1.Minimize high-frequency signal loop area<br\/>2.Partition digital\/analog\/power ground and connect at a single point<br\/>3.Distribute heat-generating components and add thermal vias and copper pours","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=121"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":135,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121\/revisions\/135"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=121"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=121"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=121"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} - 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- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
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- \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n