{"id":555,"date":"2026-03-31T08:02:00","date_gmt":"2026-03-31T00:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/?p=555"},"modified":"2026-03-26T00:16:46","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T16:16:46","slug":"pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0634\u0631\u062d \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 - \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/\">\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (Er) \u0644 FR4 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"424\" src=\"http:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Rigid-Flex-PCB-1.jpg\" alt=\"\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\" class=\"wp-image-411\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Rigid-Flex-PCB-1.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Rigid-Flex-PCB-1-300x212.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 <strong>\u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644<\/strong> \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u2192 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a 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\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f (Df)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a FR4 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/low-loss-pcb-materials-rf-microwave-circuits\/\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d - \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 <strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"437\" src=\"http:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Rigid-PCB-2.jpg\" alt=\"\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\" class=\"wp-image-336\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Rigid-PCB-2.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Rigid-PCB-2-300x219.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td><td>\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/td><td>\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td><td>\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c Er<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/td><td>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629)<\/td><td>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f 1 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f 10 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-how-to wp-block-yoast-how-to-block\"><p class=\"schema-how-to-description\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 - \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p> <ol class=\"schema-how-to-steps\"><li class=\"schema-how-to-step\" id=\"how-to-step-1774454898247\"><strong class=\"schema-how-to-step-name\">1. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-how-to-step-text\">\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<br\/>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 FR4 \u2192 FR4 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u2192 \u0631\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0632 \u2192 PTFE<br\/>\u0638\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 = \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644<br\/>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-vs-rogers-pcb-high-frequency-design\/\">FR4 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0632 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/a><\/strong><\/p> <\/li><li class=\"schema-how-to-step\" id=\"how-to-step-1774454937467\"><strong class=\"schema-how-to-step-name\">2. \u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-how-to-step-text\">\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644.<br\/>\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627:<br\/>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628<br\/>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/p> <\/li><li class=\"schema-how-to-step\" id=\"how-to-step-1774454949637\"><strong class=\"schema-how-to-step-name\">3. \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-how-to-step-text\">\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629.<br\/>\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629<br\/>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<br\/>\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<br\/>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-pcb-stackup-design-guide\/\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u062f\u0633 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 FR4<\/a><\/strong><\/p> <\/li><li class=\"schema-how-to-step\" id=\"how-to-step-1774454976716\"><strong class=\"schema-how-to-step-name\">4. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-how-to-step-text\">\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a.<br\/>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629:<br\/>\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a<br\/>\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0630\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 (VLP)<\/p> <\/li><li class=\"schema-how-to-step\" id=\"how-to-step-1774454996070\"><strong class=\"schema-how-to-step-name\">5. \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-how-to-step-text\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u2192 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u2192 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644<br\/>\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/p> <\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"407\" src=\"http:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Rigid-PCB-8.jpg\" alt=\"\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\" class=\"wp-image-347\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Rigid-PCB-8.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Rigid-PCB-8-300x204.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>TDR (\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>VNA (\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0629)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u063a\u0641\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 FR4 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1774455135234\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u061f<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1774455158705\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u061f<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f).<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1774455183560\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1774455207802\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u061f<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u0644\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1774455230897\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u061f<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0629 (VNA) \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a (TDR).<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":291,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[45],"class_list":["post-555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-pcb-insertion-loss"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>PCB Insertion Loss Explained: Dielectric Loss vs Conductor Loss<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Understand PCB insertion loss, including dielectric loss and conductor 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is PCB insertion loss?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Insertion loss is the reduction in signal strength as it travels through a PCB trace, usually measured in dB.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#faq-question-1774455158705\",\"position\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#faq-question-1774455158705\",\"name\":\"What causes insertion loss in PCBs?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The main causes are dielectric loss (material absorption) and conductor loss (copper resistance and skin effect).\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#faq-question-1774455183560\",\"position\":3,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#faq-question-1774455183560\",\"name\":\"Which loss is more important?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"At high frequencies, dielectric loss often dominates, but conductor loss is always present.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#faq-question-1774455207802\",\"position\":4,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#faq-question-1774455207802\",\"name\":\"Can insertion loss be eliminated?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"No. It can only be reduced and managed through design and material selection.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#faq-question-1774455230897\",\"position\":5,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#faq-question-1774455230897\",\"name\":\"How do engineers measure insertion loss?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Using tools like vector network analyzers (VNA) and time-domain reflectometry (TDR).\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"HowTo\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#howto-1\",\"name\":\"PCB Insertion Loss Explained: Dielectric Loss vs Conductor Loss\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/\"},\"description\":\"You can\u2019t eliminate loss\u2014but you can manage it.\",\"step\":[{\"@type\":\"HowToStep\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#how-to-step-1774454898247\",\"name\":\"1. Choose Lower-Loss Materials\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"HowToDirection\",\"text\":\"This is usually the biggest lever.<br\/>switch from FR4 \u2192 low-loss FR4 \u2192 Rogers \u2192 PTFE<br\/>lower loss tangent = less dielectric loss<br\/>See <strong><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-vs-rogers-pcb-high-frequency-design\/\\\">FR4 vs Rogers PCB for High-Frequency Design<\/a><\/strong>\"}]},{\"@type\":\"HowToStep\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#how-to-step-1774454937467\",\"name\":\"2. Shorten Critical Signal Paths\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"HowToDirection\",\"text\":\"Loss is proportional to length.<br\/>Simple but often overlooked:<br\/>place components closer<br\/>reduce unnecessary routing\"}]},{\"@type\":\"HowToStep\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#how-to-step-1774454949637\",\"name\":\"3. Optimize Stackup\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"HowToDirection\",\"text\":\"Stackup affects both loss and impedance.<br\/>keep signals close to reference planes<br\/>control dielectric thickness<br\/>avoid unnecessary layer transitions<br\/>Details: <strong><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-pcb-stackup-design-guide\/\\\">FR4 PCB Stackup Design Guide<\/a><\/strong>\"}]},{\"@type\":\"HowToStep\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#how-to-step-1774454976716\",\"name\":\"4. Use Smoother Copper\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"HowToDirection\",\"text\":\"Copper roughness increases conductor loss.<br\/>Many high-speed designs use:<br\/>low-profile copper<br\/>very-low-profile (VLP) copper\"}]},{\"@type\":\"HowToStep\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#how-to-step-1774454996070\",\"name\":\"5. 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\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u061f","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Insertion loss is the reduction in signal strength as it travels through a PCB trace, usually measured in dB.","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#faq-question-1774455158705","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#faq-question-1774455158705","name":"\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u061f","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The main causes are dielectric loss (material absorption) and conductor loss (copper resistance and skin effect).","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#faq-question-1774455183560","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#faq-question-1774455183560","name":"\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"At high frequencies, dielectric loss often dominates, but conductor loss is always present.","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#faq-question-1774455207802","position":4,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#faq-question-1774455207802","name":"\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u061f","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"No. It can only be reduced and managed through design and material selection.","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#faq-question-1774455230897","position":5,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#faq-question-1774455230897","name":"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u061f","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Using tools like vector network analyzers (VNA) and time-domain reflectometry (TDR).","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"HowTo","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#howto-1","name":"\u0634\u0631\u062d \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/"},"description":"\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 - \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627.","step":[{"@type":"HowToStep","url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#how-to-step-1774454898247","name":"1. Choose Lower-Loss Materials","itemListElement":[{"@type":"HowToDirection","text":"This is usually the biggest lever.<br\/>switch from FR4 \u2192 low-loss FR4 \u2192 Rogers \u2192 PTFE<br\/>lower loss tangent = less dielectric loss<br\/>See <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-vs-rogers-pcb-high-frequency-design\/\">FR4 vs Rogers PCB for High-Frequency Design<\/a><\/strong>"}]},{"@type":"HowToStep","url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#how-to-step-1774454937467","name":"2. Shorten Critical Signal Paths","itemListElement":[{"@type":"HowToDirection","text":"Loss is proportional to length.<br\/>Simple but often overlooked:<br\/>place components closer<br\/>reduce unnecessary routing"}]},{"@type":"HowToStep","url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#how-to-step-1774454949637","name":"3. Optimize Stackup","itemListElement":[{"@type":"HowToDirection","text":"Stackup affects both loss and impedance.<br\/>keep signals close to reference planes<br\/>control dielectric thickness<br\/>avoid unnecessary layer transitions<br\/>Details: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-pcb-stackup-design-guide\/\">FR4 PCB Stackup Design Guide<\/a><\/strong>"}]},{"@type":"HowToStep","url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#how-to-step-1774454976716","name":"4. Use Smoother Copper","itemListElement":[{"@type":"HowToDirection","text":"Copper roughness increases conductor loss.<br\/>Many high-speed designs use:<br\/>low-profile copper<br\/>very-low-profile (VLP) copper"}]},{"@type":"HowToStep","url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/#how-to-step-1774454996070","name":"5. Control Trace Geometry","itemListElement":[{"@type":"HowToDirection","text":"Wider traces \u2192 lower resistance \u2192 lower conductor loss<br\/>But this must be balanced with impedance requirements."}]}],"inLanguage":"ar"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/555","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=555"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/555\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":556,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/555\/revisions\/556"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/291"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=555"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}