{"id":617,"date":"2026-04-21T00:39:12","date_gmt":"2026-04-20T16:39:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/?p=617"},"modified":"2026-04-21T00:39:14","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T16:39:14","slug":"pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0634\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f - \u0648\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 GHz\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647.<br>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/\">\u0634\u0631\u062d \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 (\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644)<\/a><\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"404\" src=\"http:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Rigid-Flex-PCB-3.jpg\" alt=\"\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\" class=\"wp-image-413\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Rigid-Flex-PCB-3.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Rigid-Flex-PCB-3-300x202.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f (AC) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u064e\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 <strong>\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 (\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f (\u03b4) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u2192 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u2192 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u063a\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0642\u064b\u0627<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u2192 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u2192 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u2260 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f (\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/th><th>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/td><td>\u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/td><td>\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1-5 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/td><td>\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10+ \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/td><td>\u0645\u0647\u0645<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d - \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0634\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0630\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 (VLP)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 <strong>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639<\/strong> \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\/\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u2192 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u2192 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 (\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"508\" src=\"http:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-7.jpg\" alt=\"FR4 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\" class=\"wp-image-508\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-7.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-7-300x254.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-7-14x12.jpg 14w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0649<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-insertion-loss-dielectric-vs-conductor-loss\/\">\u0634\u0631\u062d \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 (\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-how-to wp-block-yoast-how-to-block\"><p class=\"schema-how-to-description\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647.<\/p> <ol class=\"schema-how-to-steps\"><li class=\"schema-how-to-step\" id=\"how-to-step-1776702580102\"><strong class=\"schema-how-to-step-name\">1. \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 (\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u064b)<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-how-to-step-text\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629.<br\/>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p> <\/li><li class=\"schema-how-to-step\" id=\"how-to-step-1776702594976\"><strong class=\"schema-how-to-step-name\">2. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-how-to-step-text\">\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<br\/>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/p> <\/li><li class=\"schema-how-to-step\" id=\"how-to-step-1776702607802\"><strong class=\"schema-how-to-step-name\">3. \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-how-to-step-text\">\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a.<br\/>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-pcb-stackup-design-guide\/\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u062f\u0633 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 FR4<\/a><\/strong><\/p> <\/li><li class=\"schema-how-to-step\" id=\"how-to-step-1776702620241\"><strong class=\"schema-how-to-step-name\">4. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-how-to-step-text\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646.<br\/>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 FR4 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<br\/>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/low-loss-pcb-materials-rf-microwave-circuits\/\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/a><\/strong><\/p> <\/li><li class=\"schema-how-to-step\" id=\"how-to-step-1776702653591\"><strong class=\"schema-how-to-step-name\">5. \u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-how-to-step-text\">\u064a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644.<br\/>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 = \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p> <\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a VNA<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"524\" src=\"http:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Ceramic-PCB.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\" class=\"wp-image-465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Ceramic-PCB.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Ceramic-PCB-300x262.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Ceramic-PCB-14x12.jpg 14w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 (\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 GHz \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1776702824587\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u061f<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u062c: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1776702839884\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u0633: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u061f<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u062c: \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1776702850310\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u0633: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u061f<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u062c: \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1776702864272\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u0633: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u061f<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u062c: \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1776702882895\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u0633: \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u062c: \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Skin effect is a key factor in high-frequency PCB design. As frequency increases, current concentrates near the surface of the conductor, increasing effective resistance and signal loss. This article explains how skin effect works, why it matters, and how engineers account for it in real PCB designs.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":505,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[50],"class_list":["post-617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-pcb-skin-effect"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>PCB Skin Effect Explained: Why High-Frequency Signals Stay on the Surface<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-04-20T16:39:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-20T16:39:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-4.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"516\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"hansphere01\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"hansphere01\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\" \/>\n<script 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What is skin effect in PCB design?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A: Skin effect is the tendency of high-frequency current to flow near the surface of a conductor instead of through its full cross-section.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#faq-question-1776702839884\",\"position\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#faq-question-1776702839884\",\"name\":\"Q: Why does skin effect increase resistance?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A: Because current is confined to a smaller area, which increases effective resistance.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#faq-question-1776702850310\",\"position\":3,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#faq-question-1776702850310\",\"name\":\"Q: Does thicker copper reduce skin effect?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A: Only up to a point. Once thickness exceeds skin depth, the benefit becomes limited.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#faq-question-1776702864272\",\"position\":4,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#faq-question-1776702864272\",\"name\":\"Q: Why does copper roughness matter?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A: Rough surfaces increase the effective current path, which increases conductor loss.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#faq-question-1776702882895\",\"position\":5,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#faq-question-1776702882895\",\"name\":\"Q: When does skin effect become important?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A: It becomes noticeable in the MHz range and significant in GHz-range designs.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"HowTo\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#howto-1\",\"name\":\"PCB Skin Effect Explained: Why High-Frequency Signals Stay on the Surface\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/\"},\"description\":\"You can\u2019t eliminate it, but you can design around it.\",\"step\":[{\"@type\":\"HowToStep\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#how-to-step-1776702580102\",\"name\":\"1. Increase Trace Width (When Possible)\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"HowToDirection\",\"text\":\"Wider traces reduce current density and effective resistance.<br\/>This is usually the simplest improvement.\"}]},{\"@type\":\"HowToStep\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#how-to-step-1776702594976\",\"name\":\"2. Use Smoother Copper\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"HowToDirection\",\"text\":\"Switching to low-roughness copper reduces the extra path length caused by surface irregularities.<br\/>This matters more as frequency increases.\"}]},{\"@type\":\"HowToStep\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#how-to-step-1776702607802\",\"name\":\"3. 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Surface"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/","name":"\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/#\/schema\/person\/a8f2356806898d33a9f431801140e422","name":"\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0641\u064a\u063101","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/74fbbc323e496fe809febfdbc50c63987317181d00fa56e483b0ebdf89501f54?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/74fbbc323e496fe809febfdbc50c63987317181d00fa56e483b0ebdf89501f54?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"hansphere01"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/"],"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ar\/author\/hansphere01\/"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#faq-question-1776702824587","position":1,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#faq-question-1776702824587","name":"\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u061f","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A: Skin effect is the tendency of high-frequency current to flow near the surface of a conductor instead of through its full cross-section.","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#faq-question-1776702839884","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#faq-question-1776702839884","name":"\u0633: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646 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Once thickness exceeds skin depth, the benefit becomes limited.","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#faq-question-1776702864272","position":4,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#faq-question-1776702864272","name":"\u0633: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u061f","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A: Rough surfaces increase the effective current path, which increases conductor loss.","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#faq-question-1776702882895","position":5,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#faq-question-1776702882895","name":"\u0633: \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627\u061f","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A: It becomes noticeable in the MHz range and significant in GHz-range designs.","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"HowTo","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#howto-1","name":"\u0634\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/"},"description":"\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647.","step":[{"@type":"HowToStep","url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#how-to-step-1776702580102","name":"1. Increase Trace Width (When Possible)","itemListElement":[{"@type":"HowToDirection","text":"Wider traces reduce current density and effective resistance.<br\/>This is usually the simplest improvement."}]},{"@type":"HowToStep","url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#how-to-step-1776702594976","name":"2. Use Smoother Copper","itemListElement":[{"@type":"HowToDirection","text":"Switching to low-roughness copper reduces the extra path length caused by surface irregularities.<br\/>This matters more as frequency increases."}]},{"@type":"HowToStep","url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#how-to-step-1776702607802","name":"3. Optimize Stackup","itemListElement":[{"@type":"HowToDirection","text":"Bringing signal layers closer to reference planes helps control impedance and can reduce overall loss.<br\/>More here: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-pcb-stackup-design-guide\/\">FR4 PCB Stackup Design Guide<\/a><\/strong>"}]},{"@type":"HowToStep","url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/pcb-skin-effect-high-frequency\/#how-to-step-1776702620241","name":"4. 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