{"id":553,"date":"2026-03-29T08:33:00","date_gmt":"2026-03-29T00:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/?p=553"},"modified":"2026-03-26T00:00:46","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T16:00:46","slug":"fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/de\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/","title":{"rendered":"FR4 Dielektrizit\u00e4tskonstante (Er) vs. Frequenz erkl\u00e4rt"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wenn Sie schon einmal versucht haben, die Impedanz eines FR4-Stapels abzustimmen, und feststellen mussten, dass die Zahlen abdriften, sind Sie bereits auf dieses Problem gesto\u00dfen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FR4 hat nicht nur eine einzige Dielektrizit\u00e4tskonstante. Der Wert \u00e4ndert sich mit der Frequenz, und diese \u00c4nderung reicht aus, um die Impedanz zu beeinflussen, vor allem, wenn Sie \u00fcber digitale Designs mit niedriger Geschwindigkeit hinausgehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In den meisten Datenbl\u00e4ttern steht immer noch etwas wie <strong>Er = 4,2-4,6<\/strong>, aber diese Zahl ist nur unter bestimmten Testbedingungen sinnvoll. Bei realen Entw\u00fcrfen kommt es darauf an, wie sich Er in Ihrem tats\u00e4chlichen Frequenzbereich verh\u00e4lt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\u00fcr einen umfassenderen \u00dcberblick \u00fcber das Material siehe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-pcb-material-guide-properties-applications\/\"><strong>FR4 PCB Material Leitfaden: Eigenschaften, Vorteile und Anwendungen<\/strong>.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"517\" src=\"http:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-17.jpg\" alt=\"FR4 PCB\" class=\"wp-image-524\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-17.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-17-300x259.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-17-14x12.jpg 14w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Was ist die Dielektrizit\u00e4tskonstante (Er)?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Die Dielektrizit\u00e4tskonstante (Er) beschreibt, wie ein Material elektrische Energie in einem elektrischen Feld speichert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beim PCB-Design wirkt sich Er direkt aus:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Signalausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wellenwiderstand<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trace-Verz\u00f6gerung<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00f6heres Er \u2192 langsamere Signalausbreitung \u2192 k\u00fcrzere Wellenl\u00e4nge im Material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aus diesem Grund wird Er in jedem Impedanz-Rechner angezeigt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Warum Er sich mit der Frequenz \u00e4ndert<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FR4 ist kein einheitliches Material. Es ist eine Mischung aus:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Glasfaser (geringer Verlust, niedriger Er)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Epoxidharz (h\u00f6herer Verlust, h\u00f6heres Er)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aufgrund dieser Struktur ist sein elektrisches Verhalten frequenzabh\u00e4ngig.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mit zunehmender Frequenz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Polarisationsmechanismen im Inneren des Harzes \u00e4ndern sich<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Die effektive Dielektrizit\u00e4tskonstante tendiert zu <strong>leicht abnehmen<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>der dielektrische Verlust wird deutlicher<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Praktisch gesehen:<br><strong>Er bei 100 MHz ist nicht dasselbe wie Er bei mehreren GHz.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Typische Er-Werte im Vergleich zur Frequenz<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Es gibt keine allgemeing\u00fcltige Kurve, aber der allgemeine Trend sieht folgenderma\u00dfen aus:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Frequenzbereich<\/th><th>Typische FR4 Er<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1 MHz<\/td><td>~4.5-4.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>100 MHz<\/td><td>~4.3-4.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1 GHz<\/td><td>~4.2-4.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5-10 GHz<\/td><td>~4.0-4.3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Die tats\u00e4chlichen Werte variieren je nach Lieferant und Harzsystem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dies ist einer der Gr\u00fcnde, warum Hochfrequenzdesigns oft von FR4 abweichen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mehr dazu hier: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-vs-rogers-pcb-high-frequency-design\/\">FR4 vs. Rogers PCB f\u00fcr Hochfrequenzdesign<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"499\" src=\"http:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-15.jpg\" alt=\"FR4 PCB\" class=\"wp-image-520\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-15.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-15-300x250.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-15-14x12.jpg 14w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Auswirkungen auf die Impedanzkontrolle<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wenn Sie bei Ihren Berechnungen von einem festen Er ausgehen, wird Ihre Impedanz nicht exakt sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Die Auswirkungen zeigen sich als:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Diskrepanz zwischen berechneter und tats\u00e4chlicher Impedanz<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Signalreflexionen<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>verschlechterte Augendiagramme (bei Hochgeschwindigkeitsverbindungen)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selbst eine kleine Er-Verschiebung kann die Impedanz um ein paar Ohm ver\u00e4ndern, was bei impedanzkontrollierten Designs von Bedeutung ist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00dcberlegungen zum Stackup-Design werden behandelt in <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-pcb-stackup-design-guide\/\">FR4 PCB Stackup Design Leitfaden<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Er-Variationen innerhalb der gleichen Leiterplatte<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ein weiteres praktisches Problem: Er ist nicht vollkommen einheitlich in der Breite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Denn Spuren k\u00f6nnen sich \u00fcberschlagen:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>harzreichere Gebiete<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>glasreichere Gebiete<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">k\u00f6nnen Sie eine lokale Variante erhalten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dies wird manchmal als die <strong>\u201cFasergewebseffekt\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Es kann dazu f\u00fchren:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Schr\u00e4glage zwischen Differentialpaaren<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kleine Impedanzschwankungen entlang der Leiterbahn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Das ist nicht immer kritisch, aber es zeigt sich bei Hochgeschwindigkeitsdesigns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Wie man mit FR4 Er in echten Designs arbeitet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-how-to wp-block-yoast-how-to-block\"><p class=\"schema-how-to-description\">Sie brauchen keine perfekten Daten - Sie brauchen realistische Annahmen.<\/p> <ol class=\"schema-how-to-steps\"><li class=\"schema-how-to-step\" id=\"how-to-step-1774453565242\"><strong class=\"schema-how-to-step-name\">1. Hersteller-Stackup-Daten verwenden<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-how-to-step-text\">Verlassen Sie sich nicht auf generische Er-Werte.<br\/>Verwendung:<br\/>Laminat-Datenbl\u00e4tter<br\/>Impedanztabellen von Ihrem Leiterplattenhersteller<br\/>Sie entsprechen eher den tats\u00e4chlichen Produktionsbedingungen.<\/p> <\/li><li class=\"schema-how-to-step\" id=\"how-to-step-1774453593981\"><strong class=\"schema-how-to-step-name\">2. Entwurf f\u00fcr die Zielimpedanz, nicht f\u00fcr die Nennimpedanz<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-how-to-step-text\">Anstatt sich direkt auf Er zu konzentrieren:<br\/>Zielimpedanz festlegen (z. B. 50\u03a9, 100\u03a9 diff)<br\/>Leiterbahnbreite und -abst\u00e4nde entsprechend anpassen<br\/>Lassen Sie sich vom Hersteller bei der Abstimmung des Stapels helfen.<\/p> <\/li><li class=\"schema-how-to-step\" id=\"how-to-step-1774453621498\"><strong class=\"schema-how-to-step-name\">3. Seien Sie konservativ bei h\u00f6heren Frequenzen<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-how-to-step-text\">Mit zunehmender Frequenz:<br\/>die Unsicherheit steigt<br\/>Verluststeigerungen<br\/>Wenn Ihr Entwurf empfindlich ist, gehen Sie von einer etwas schlechteren Leistung als bei idealen Berechnungen aus.<\/p> <\/li><li class=\"schema-how-to-step\" id=\"how-to-step-1774453635396\"><strong class=\"schema-how-to-step-name\">4. Signalschichten nahe an der Bezugsebene halten<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-how-to-step-text\">Dies verringert die Empfindlichkeit gegen\u00fcber Er-Schwankungen und verbessert die Stabilit\u00e4t des R\u00fcckwegs.<br\/>Grundlegende Stackup-Praktiken werden behandelt in <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-pcb-stackup-design-guide\/\">FR4 PCB Stackup Design Leitfaden<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p> <\/li><li class=\"schema-how-to-step\" id=\"how-to-step-1774453661721\"><strong class=\"schema-how-to-step-name\">5. Wissen, wann FR4 nicht genug ist<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-how-to-step-text\">Irgendwann ist das Problem nicht mehr zu l\u00f6sen, wenn man an den Annahmen herumschraubt.<br\/>Wenn Sie sehen:<br\/>\u00fcberm\u00e4\u00dfige Einf\u00fcgungsd\u00e4mpfung<br\/>instabile Impedanz<br\/>strenge RF-Anforderungen<br\/>kann es an der Zeit sein, auf ein verlustarmes Material umzusteigen.<br\/>Siehe <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/low-loss-pcb-materials-rf-microwave-circuits\/\">Verlustarme PCB-Materialien f\u00fcr RF- und Mikrowellenschaltungen<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p> <\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"521\" src=\"http:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-11.jpg\" alt=\"FR4 PCB\" class=\"wp-image-514\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-11.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-11-300x261.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-11-14x12.jpg 14w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Praktische Hinweise von echten Designs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ein paar Dinge, die die Leute \u00fcberraschen k\u00f6nnen:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Die Er in Simulationswerkzeugen entspricht oft nicht den gefertigten Leiterplatten<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Verschiedene Anbieter k\u00f6nnen deutlich unterschiedliche Ergebnisse liefern<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prepreg und Kernmaterial verhalten sich nicht identisch<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Die Rauheit des Kupfers kann das effektive dielektrische Verhalten beeinflussen<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Behandeln Sie Er also wie einen <strong>Bereich<\/strong>, und nicht eine Konstante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Schlussfolgerung<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Die Dielektrizit\u00e4tskonstante von FR4 ist nicht festgelegt - sie variiert je nach Frequenz, Materialzusammensetzung und sogar Layout-Bedingungen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bei Entw\u00fcrfen mit niedriger Geschwindigkeit spielt diese Abweichung normalerweise keine Rolle.<br>Bei Hochgeschwindigkeits- oder HF-Schaltungen wirkt sie sich direkt auf die Impedanz und die Signalintegrit\u00e4t aus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Der Schl\u00fcssel liegt nicht darin, einen perfekten Er-Wert anzustreben, sondern mit realistischen Annahmen zu entwerfen und mit dem Leiterplattenhersteller abzustimmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FAQ<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1774453753561\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Ist FR4 dielektrisch konstant?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Nein. Sie variiert je nach H\u00e4ufigkeit, Materialzusammensetzung und Herstellungsverfahren.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1774453858375\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Was ist der typische Er-Wert von FR4?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u00dcblicherweise wird ein Wert von 4,2 bis 4,6 angegeben, aber der tats\u00e4chliche Wert h\u00e4ngt von der Frequenz und der Art des Laminats ab.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1774453901118\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Warum nimmt Er bei h\u00f6heren Frequenzen ab?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Denn die Polarisationsmechanismen im Material werden mit zunehmender Frequenz weniger wirksam.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1774453912383\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Beeinflusst die Er-Variation die Impedanz?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Ja. Selbst kleine \u00c4nderungen bei Er k\u00f6nnen die kontrollierte Impedanz und die Signalintegrit\u00e4t beeintr\u00e4chtigen.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1774453990064\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Wann sollte ich FR4 nicht mehr verwenden?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Ja. Selbst kleine \u00c4nderungen bei Er k\u00f6nnen die kontrollierte Impedanz und die Signalintegrit\u00e4t beeintr\u00e4chtigen.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Die Dielektrizit\u00e4tskonstante (Er) von FR4 ist kein fester Wert. Sie variiert mit der Frequenz, der Harzzusammensetzung und dem Herstellungsprozess. Diese Variation wirkt sich auf die Impedanzkontrolle und die Signalintegrit\u00e4t aus, insbesondere bei Hochgeschwindigkeits- und HF-Designs. In diesem Artikel wird erl\u00e4utert, wie sich Er mit der Frequenz \u00e4ndert und was Ingenieure beim Entwurf von FR4-basierten Leiterplatten beachten sollten.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":511,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[44],"class_list":["post-553","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-fr4"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>FR4 Dielectric Constant (Er) vs Frequency Explained - HanSphere<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Understand how the dielectric constant (Er) of FR4 changes with frequency and how it affects impedance and signal integrity in PCB design.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/de\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"FR4 Dielectric Constant (Er) vs Frequency Explained - HanSphere\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Understand how the dielectric constant (Er) of FR4 changes with frequency and how it affects impedance and signal integrity in PCB design.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/de\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"hansphere\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-03-29T00:33:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-8.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"498\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"hansphere01\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Verfasst von\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"hansphere01\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Gesch\u00e4tzte Lesezeit\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5\u00a0Minuten\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"WebPage\",\"FAQPage\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/\",\"name\":\"FR4 Dielectric Constant (Er) vs Frequency Explained - HanSphere\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-8.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-03-29T00:33:00+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/#\/schema\/person\/a8f2356806898d33a9f431801140e422\"},\"description\":\"Understand how the dielectric constant (Er) of FR4 changes with frequency and how it affects impedance and signal integrity in PCB design.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#breadcrumb\"},\"mainEntity\":[{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453753561\"},{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453858375\"},{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453901118\"},{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453912383\"},{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453990064\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"de\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"de\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-8.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-8.jpg\",\"width\":600,\"height\":498,\"caption\":\"FR4 PCB\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"FR4 Dielectric Constant (Er) vs Frequency Explained\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/\",\"name\":\"hansphere\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"de\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/#\/schema\/person\/a8f2356806898d33a9f431801140e422\",\"name\":\"hansphere01\",\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/de\/author\/hansphere01\/\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453753561\",\"position\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453753561\",\"name\":\"Is FR4 dielectric constant constant?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"No. It varies with frequency, material composition, and manufacturing process.\",\"inLanguage\":\"de\"},\"inLanguage\":\"de\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453858375\",\"position\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453858375\",\"name\":\"What is the typical Er value of FR4?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Usually quoted around 4.2\u20134.6, but the actual value depends on frequency and laminate type.\",\"inLanguage\":\"de\"},\"inLanguage\":\"de\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453901118\",\"position\":3,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453901118\",\"name\":\"Why does Er decrease at higher frequencies?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Because polarization mechanisms in the material become less effective as frequency increases.\",\"inLanguage\":\"de\"},\"inLanguage\":\"de\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453912383\",\"position\":4,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453912383\",\"name\":\"Does Er variation affect impedance?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. Even small changes in Er can affect controlled impedance and signal integrity.\",\"inLanguage\":\"de\"},\"inLanguage\":\"de\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453990064\",\"position\":5,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453990064\",\"name\":\"When should I stop using FR4?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. Even small changes in Er can affect controlled impedance and signal integrity.\",\"inLanguage\":\"de\"},\"inLanguage\":\"de\"},{\"@type\":\"HowTo\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#howto-1\",\"name\":\"FR4 Dielectric Constant (Er) vs Frequency Explained\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/\"},\"description\":\"You don\u2019t need perfect data\u2014you need realistic assumptions.\",\"step\":[{\"@type\":\"HowToStep\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#how-to-step-1774453565242\",\"name\":\"1. Use Manufacturer Stackup Data\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"HowToDirection\",\"text\":\"Don\u2019t rely on generic Er values.<br\/>Use:<br\/>laminate datasheets<br\/>impedance tables from your PCB vendor<br\/>They\u2019re closer to actual fabrication conditions.\"}]},{\"@type\":\"HowToStep\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#how-to-step-1774453593981\",\"name\":\"2. Design Around Target Impedance, Not Nominal Er\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"HowToDirection\",\"text\":\"Instead of focusing on Er directly:<br\/>define target impedance (e.g., 50\u03a9, 100\u03a9 diff)<br\/>adjust trace width and spacing accordingly<br\/>Let the manufacturer help tune the stackup.\"}]},{\"@type\":\"HowToStep\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#how-to-step-1774453621498\",\"name\":\"3. Be Conservative at Higher Frequencies\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"HowToDirection\",\"text\":\"As frequency increases:<br\/>uncertainty increases<br\/>loss increases<br\/>If your design is sensitive, assume slightly worse performance than ideal calculations.\"}]},{\"@type\":\"HowToStep\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#how-to-step-1774453635396\",\"name\":\"4. Keep Signal Layers Close to Reference Planes\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"HowToDirection\",\"text\":\"This reduces sensitivity to Er variation and improves return path stability.<br\/>Basic stackup practices are covered in <strong><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-pcb-stackup-design-guide\/\\\">FR4 PCB Stackup Design Guide<\/a><\/strong>.\"}]},{\"@type\":\"HowToStep\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#how-to-step-1774453661721\",\"name\":\"5. Know When FR4 Is Not Enough\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"HowToDirection\",\"text\":\"At some point, tweaking Er assumptions won\u2019t fix the problem.<br\/>If you see:<br\/>excessive insertion loss<br\/>unstable impedance<br\/>tight RF requirements<br\/>it may be time to move to a low-loss material.<br\/>See <strong><a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/low-loss-pcb-materials-rf-microwave-circuits\/\\\">Low-Loss PCB Materials for RF and Microwave Circuits<\/a><\/strong>.\"}]}],\"inLanguage\":\"de\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"FR4 Dielektrizit\u00e4tskonstante (Er) vs. Frequenz erkl\u00e4rt - HanSphere","description":"Verstehen Sie, wie sich die Dielektrizit\u00e4tskonstante (Er) von FR4 mit der Frequenz \u00e4ndert und wie sie sich auf die Impedanz und die Signalintegrit\u00e4t beim PCB-Design auswirkt.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/de\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/","og_locale":"de_DE","og_type":"article","og_title":"FR4 Dielectric Constant (Er) vs Frequency Explained - HanSphere","og_description":"Understand how the dielectric constant (Er) of FR4 changes with frequency and how it affects impedance and signal integrity in PCB design.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/de\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/","og_site_name":"hansphere","article_published_time":"2026-03-29T00:33:00+00:00","og_image":[{"width":600,"height":498,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-8.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"hansphere01","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Verfasst von":"hansphere01","Gesch\u00e4tzte Lesezeit":"5\u00a0Minuten"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":["WebPage","FAQPage"],"@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/","url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/","name":"FR4 Dielektrizit\u00e4tskonstante (Er) vs. Frequenz erkl\u00e4rt - HanSphere","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-8.jpg","datePublished":"2026-03-29T00:33:00+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/#\/schema\/person\/a8f2356806898d33a9f431801140e422"},"description":"Verstehen Sie, wie sich die Dielektrizit\u00e4tskonstante (Er) von FR4 mit der Frequenz \u00e4ndert und wie sie sich auf die Impedanz und die Signalintegrit\u00e4t beim PCB-Design auswirkt.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#breadcrumb"},"mainEntity":[{"@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453753561"},{"@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453858375"},{"@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453901118"},{"@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453912383"},{"@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453990064"}],"inLanguage":"de","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"de","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-8.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-PCB-8.jpg","width":600,"height":498,"caption":"FR4 PCB"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"FR4 Dielectric Constant (Er) vs Frequency Explained"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/","name":"hansphere","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"de"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/#\/schema\/person\/a8f2356806898d33a9f431801140e422","name":"hansphere01","sameAs":["http:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/"],"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/de\/author\/hansphere01\/"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453753561","position":1,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453753561","name":"Ist FR4 dielektrisch konstant?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"No. It varies with frequency, material composition, and manufacturing process.","inLanguage":"de"},"inLanguage":"de"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453858375","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453858375","name":"Was ist der typische Er-Wert von FR4?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Usually quoted around 4.2\u20134.6, but the actual value depends on frequency and laminate type.","inLanguage":"de"},"inLanguage":"de"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453901118","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453901118","name":"Warum nimmt Er bei h\u00f6heren Frequenzen ab?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Because polarization mechanisms in the material become less effective as frequency increases.","inLanguage":"de"},"inLanguage":"de"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453912383","position":4,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453912383","name":"Beeinflusst die Er-Variation die Impedanz?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Yes. Even small changes in Er can affect controlled impedance and signal integrity.","inLanguage":"de"},"inLanguage":"de"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453990064","position":5,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#faq-question-1774453990064","name":"Wann sollte ich FR4 nicht mehr verwenden?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Yes. Even small changes in Er can affect controlled impedance and signal integrity.","inLanguage":"de"},"inLanguage":"de"},{"@type":"HowTo","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#howto-1","name":"FR4 Dielektrizit\u00e4tskonstante (Er) vs. Frequenz erkl\u00e4rt","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/"},"description":"Sie brauchen keine perfekten Daten - Sie brauchen realistische Annahmen.","step":[{"@type":"HowToStep","url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#how-to-step-1774453565242","name":"1. Use Manufacturer Stackup Data","itemListElement":[{"@type":"HowToDirection","text":"Don\u2019t rely on generic Er values.<br\/>Use:<br\/>laminate datasheets<br\/>impedance tables from your PCB vendor<br\/>They\u2019re closer to actual fabrication conditions."}]},{"@type":"HowToStep","url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#how-to-step-1774453593981","name":"2. Design Around Target Impedance, Not Nominal Er","itemListElement":[{"@type":"HowToDirection","text":"Instead of focusing on Er directly:<br\/>define target impedance (e.g., 50\u03a9, 100\u03a9 diff)<br\/>adjust trace width and spacing accordingly<br\/>Let the manufacturer help tune the stackup."}]},{"@type":"HowToStep","url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#how-to-step-1774453621498","name":"3. Be Conservative at Higher Frequencies","itemListElement":[{"@type":"HowToDirection","text":"As frequency increases:<br\/>uncertainty increases<br\/>loss increases<br\/>If your design is sensitive, assume slightly worse performance than ideal calculations."}]},{"@type":"HowToStep","url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#how-to-step-1774453635396","name":"4. Keep Signal Layers Close to Reference Planes","itemListElement":[{"@type":"HowToDirection","text":"This reduces sensitivity to Er variation and improves return path stability.<br\/>Basic stackup practices are covered in <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-pcb-stackup-design-guide\/\">FR4 PCB Stackup Design Guide<\/a><\/strong>."}]},{"@type":"HowToStep","url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/fr4-dielectric-constant-er-vs-frequency\/#how-to-step-1774453661721","name":"5. Know When FR4 Is Not Enough","itemListElement":[{"@type":"HowToDirection","text":"At some point, tweaking Er assumptions won\u2019t fix the problem.<br\/>If you see:<br\/>excessive insertion loss<br\/>unstable impedance<br\/>tight RF requirements<br\/>it may be time to move to a low-loss material.<br\/>See <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/news\/low-loss-pcb-materials-rf-microwave-circuits\/\">Low-Loss PCB Materials for RF and Microwave Circuits<\/a><\/strong>."}]}],"inLanguage":"de"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/553","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=553"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/553\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":554,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/553\/revisions\/554"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/511"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=553"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}