1.2 \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- IPC-4101B<\/strong>: \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442
\/Sl<\/code> \u0441\u0443\u0444\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441<\/strong> \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044e \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n\n\n\n- IEC 61249-2-21<\/strong>: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0414\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u0421 RoHS<\/strong>: \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0439, \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
![\"\u0411\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f](\"http:\/\/103.143.239.170\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Halogen-free-PCB-4.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0423\u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041f\u0425\u0411 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0412 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.1 \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\u041e\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430<\/th> \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/th> \u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f<\/th> \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/th><\/tr><\/thead> \u0424\u043e\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430<\/strong><\/td>\u0424\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u043d\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0434\u044b<\/td> \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0433\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044f \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e.<\/td> \u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f FR-4.<\/td><\/tr> \u0413\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0432<\/strong><\/td>\u0413\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434 \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td> \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432.<\/td> \u042d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c.<\/td><\/tr> \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438<\/strong><\/td>\u0414\u0438\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0433\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/td> \u041f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440.<\/td> \u041f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c CTI (\u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f) \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n2.2 \u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/th> \u0422\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 FR-4<\/th> \u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 FR-4<\/th> \u0412\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead> \u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (Tg)<\/strong><\/td>\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td> \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435<\/strong><\/td>\u041f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/td><\/tr> \u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (Td)<\/strong><\/td>~300-320\u00b0C<\/td> \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f > 340\u00b0C<\/strong><\/td>\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e!<\/strong> \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 Td \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438.<\/td><\/tr>\u0414\u0438\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \/ \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 (Dk\/Df)<\/strong><\/td>\u041e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/td> \u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong><\/td>\u0412\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445\/\u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445; \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/td><\/tr> \u041f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438<\/strong><\/td>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td> \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435<\/strong><\/td>\u041f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a CAF \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u201c\u0432\u0441\u043f\u043b\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f\u201d \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0435; \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr>\u0421\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c CTI<\/strong><\/td>\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td> \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435<\/strong><\/td>\u041f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e; \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0439.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\u0411\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f](\"http:\/\/103.143.239.170\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Halogen-free-PCB-1.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442<\/h2>\n\n\n\n3.1 \u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0426\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430<\/strong>: \u0418\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 Dk\/Df \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b<\/strong> \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0426\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0435 Tg \u0438 Td \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
3.2 \u0422\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0421\u043c\u044f\u0433\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 CAF<\/strong>: \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a CAF \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e\u043c. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438<\/strong> \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u041a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (CTE)<\/strong>: \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 Tg \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u043c CTE \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0438 Z, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/strong>, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u0430\u043a BGA.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430: \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442. \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4.1 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0411\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong>: \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0430. \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443), \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0435\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
4.2 \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438: \u0412\u044b\u043f\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0430<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong>: \u0418\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u041f\u0425\u0411 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0447\u044c<\/strong> \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0443\u044e\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0443. \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433<\/strong> \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0438<\/strong>: \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 125\u00b0C \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 2-6 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/strong> (\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f). \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
4.3 \u0420\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: \u0411\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0445.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
![\"\u0411\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f](\"http:\/\/103.143.239.170\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Halogen-free-PCB-2.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043a: \u041e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/h2>\n\n\n\n5.1 \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/strong> (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0444\u043b\u0443\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0438).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
5.2 \u0410\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0412\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442<\/strong> \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442. \u041f\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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A Comprehensive Guide to Halogen-Free PCBs - hansphere<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Comprehensive Guide to Halogen-Free PCBs - hansphere\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Halogen-free PCBs require more than material swaps: they demand a systemic approach. Key steps include selecting materials with high decomposition temperatures (>340\u00b0C), managing moisture through pre-baking, and redesigning for performance. 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Why Use Halogen-Free Materials?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>Answer:<\/strong><br\/>A halogen-free PCB refers to a printed circuit board that uses substrates and flame retardants free of halogens (such as chlorine and bromine). Halogens (especially brominated flame retardants) commonly used in traditional PCBs may produce toxic gases (e.g., dioxins) under high temperatures or combustion, posing risks to the environment and human health.<br\/><strong>The main reasons for using halogen-free materials include:<\/strong><br\/>1.<strong>Environmental Compliance<\/strong>: Meeting regulations such as the EU's RoHS and REACH to reduce environmental pollution.<br\/>2.<strong>Safety<\/strong>: Lowering the risk of toxic gas release during fires, enhancing the safety of electronic products.<br\/>3.<strong>Market Demand<\/strong>: Many international brands (e.g., Apple, Dell) require their supply chains to adopt halogen-free materials to align with green manufacturing trends.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/#faq-question-1765698789037\",\"position\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/#faq-question-1765698789037\",\"name\":\"Question 2: How Do Halogen-Free PCBs Differ in Performance Compared to Traditional PCBs?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>Answer:<\/strong><br\/>Halogen-free PCBs differ from traditional brominated flame-retardant PCBs in material properties, primarily in the following aspects:<br\/>1.<strong>Heat Resistance<\/strong>: Halogen-free materials typically have a higher glass transition temperature (Tg), but their coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) may be slightly larger, requiring optimized lamination processes.<br\/>2.<strong>Mechanical Strength<\/strong>: Some halogen-free substrates have lower toughness, which may affect drilling and mechanical processing, necessitating adjustments to process parameters.<br\/>3.<strong>Electrical Performance<\/strong>: Dielectric constant (Dk) and dissipation factor (Df) may be slightly higher, impacting high-frequency signal transmission. High-performance halogen-free materials may be required.<br\/>4.<strong>Cost<\/strong>: Halogen-free materials generally cost 10%\u201320% more than traditional materials, and their processing requirements are stricter.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/#faq-question-1765698833343\",\"position\":3,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/#faq-question-1765698833343\",\"name\":\"Question 3: What Issues Should Be Considered in the Production Process of Halogen-Free PCBs?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>Answer:<\/strong><br\/>The manufacturing process for halogen-free PCBs requires adjustments based on material characteristics. 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\u0417\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<strong>Answer:<\/strong><br\/>A halogen-free PCB refers to a printed circuit board that uses substrates and flame retardants free of halogens (such as chlorine and bromine). Halogens (especially brominated flame retardants) commonly used in traditional PCBs may produce toxic gases (e.g., dioxins) under high temperatures or combustion, posing risks to the environment and human health.<br\/><strong>The main reasons for using halogen-free materials include:<\/strong><br\/>1.<strong>Environmental Compliance<\/strong>: Meeting regulations such as the EU's RoHS and REACH to reduce environmental pollution.<br\/>2.<strong>Safety<\/strong>: Lowering the risk of toxic gas release during fires, enhancing the safety of electronic products.<br\/>3.<strong>Market Demand<\/strong>: Many international brands (e.g., Apple, Dell) require their supply chains to adopt halogen-free materials to align with green manufacturing trends.","inLanguage":"ru-RU"},"inLanguage":"ru-RU"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/#faq-question-1765698789037","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/#faq-question-1765698789037","name":"\u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 2: \u0427\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<strong>Answer:<\/strong><br\/>Halogen-free PCBs differ from traditional brominated flame-retardant PCBs in material properties, primarily in the following aspects:<br\/>1.<strong>Heat Resistance<\/strong>: Halogen-free materials typically have a higher glass transition temperature (Tg), but their coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) may be slightly larger, requiring optimized lamination processes.<br\/>2.<strong>Mechanical Strength<\/strong>: Some halogen-free substrates have lower toughness, which may affect drilling and mechanical processing, necessitating adjustments to process parameters.<br\/>3.<strong>Electrical Performance<\/strong>: Dielectric constant (Dk) and dissipation factor (Df) may be slightly higher, impacting high-frequency signal transmission. High-performance halogen-free materials may be required.<br\/>4.<strong>Cost<\/strong>: Halogen-free materials generally cost 10%\u201320% more than traditional materials, and their processing requirements are stricter.","inLanguage":"ru-RU"},"inLanguage":"ru-RU"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/#faq-question-1765698833343","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/#faq-question-1765698833343","name":"\u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 3: \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041f\u0425\u0411?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<strong>Answer:<\/strong><br\/>The manufacturing process for halogen-free PCBs requires adjustments based on material characteristics. Key considerations include:<br\/><strong>1<\/strong>.<strong>Lamination Process<\/strong>: Halogen-free materials have poorer resin flowability, requiring optimized temperature, pressure, and time during pressing to avoid delamination or voids.<br\/>2.<strong>Drilling Process<\/strong>: The materials are harder and more abrasive to drill bits, necessitating specialized tools and controlled drilling parameters (e.g., speed, feed rate).<br\/>3.<strong>Solder Heat Resistance<\/strong>: Some halogen-free substrates are more sensitive to high temperatures, requiring controlled reflow soldering temperature profiles to prevent blistering or discoloration.<br\/>4.<strong>Quality Control<\/strong>: Rigorous reliability testing (e.g., CAF resistance, thermal stress testing) is essential to ensure compliance with halogen-free standards such as IPC-4101B.","inLanguage":"ru-RU"},"inLanguage":"ru-RU"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":136,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45\/revisions\/136"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\/Sl<\/code> \u0441\u0443\u0444\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441<\/strong> \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044e \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n\n\n\n- IEC 61249-2-21<\/strong>: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0414\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u0421 RoHS<\/strong>: \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0439, \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0423\u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041f\u0425\u0411 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0412 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.1 \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\u041e\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430<\/th> \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/th> \u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f<\/th> \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/th><\/tr><\/thead> \u0424\u043e\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430<\/strong><\/td>\u0424\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u043d\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0434\u044b<\/td> \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0433\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044f \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e.<\/td> \u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f FR-4.<\/td><\/tr> \u0413\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0432<\/strong><\/td>\u0413\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434 \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td> \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432.<\/td> \u042d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c.<\/td><\/tr> \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438<\/strong><\/td>\u0414\u0438\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0433\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/td> \u041f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440.<\/td> \u041f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c CTI (\u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f) \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n2.2 \u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/th> \u0422\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 FR-4<\/th> \u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 FR-4<\/th> \u0412\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead> \u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (Tg)<\/strong><\/td>\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td> \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435<\/strong><\/td>\u041f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/td><\/tr> \u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (Td)<\/strong><\/td>~300-320\u00b0C<\/td> \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f > 340\u00b0C<\/strong><\/td>\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e!<\/strong> \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 Td \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438.<\/td><\/tr>\u0414\u0438\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \/ \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 (Dk\/Df)<\/strong><\/td>\u041e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/td> \u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong><\/td>\u0412\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445\/\u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445; \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/td><\/tr> \u041f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438<\/strong><\/td>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td> \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435<\/strong><\/td>\u041f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a CAF \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u201c\u0432\u0441\u043f\u043b\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f\u201d \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0435; \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr>\u0421\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c CTI<\/strong><\/td>\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td> \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435<\/strong><\/td>\u041f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e; \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0439.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442<\/h2>\n\n\n\n3.1 \u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0426\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430<\/strong>: \u0418\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 Dk\/Df \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b<\/strong> \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0426\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0435 Tg \u0438 Td \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
3.2 \u0422\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0421\u043c\u044f\u0433\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 CAF<\/strong>: \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a CAF \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e\u043c. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438<\/strong> \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u041a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (CTE)<\/strong>: \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 Tg \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u043c CTE \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0438 Z, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/strong>, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u0430\u043a BGA.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430: \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442. \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4.1 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0411\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong>: \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0430. \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443), \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0435\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
4.2 \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438: \u0412\u044b\u043f\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0430<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong>: \u0418\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u041f\u0425\u0411 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0447\u044c<\/strong> \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0443\u044e\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0443. \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433<\/strong> \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0438<\/strong>: \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 125\u00b0C \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 2-6 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/strong> (\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f). \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
4.3 \u0420\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: \u0411\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0445.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043a: \u041e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/h2>\n\n\n\n5.1 \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/strong> (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0444\u043b\u0443\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0438).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
5.2 \u0410\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0412\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442<\/strong> \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442. \u041f\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0411\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b - \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0439. \u0423\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u201c\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430\u201d \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043a \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 - \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430<\/strong> \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>. \u0413\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u044b.<\/p>\n\n\n\nFAQ \u043f\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 1: \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430? 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A Comprehensive Guide to Halogen-Free PCBs - hansphere<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Comprehensive Guide to Halogen-Free PCBs - hansphere\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Halogen-free PCBs require more than material swaps: they demand a systemic approach. Key steps include selecting materials with high decomposition temperatures (>340\u00b0C), managing moisture through pre-baking, and redesigning for performance. Success depends on understanding these properties and adapting all processes\u2014from design to assembly.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"hansphere\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-11-18T14:05:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-14T08:12:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Halogen-free-PCB-5.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"402\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"hansphere01\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"hansphere01\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"WebPage\",\"FAQPage\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/\",\"name\":\"A Comprehensive Guide to Halogen-Free PCBs - 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Why Use Halogen-Free Materials?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>Answer:<\/strong><br\/>A halogen-free PCB refers to a printed circuit board that uses substrates and flame retardants free of halogens (such as chlorine and bromine). Halogens (especially brominated flame retardants) commonly used in traditional PCBs may produce toxic gases (e.g., dioxins) under high temperatures or combustion, posing risks to the environment and human health.<br\/><strong>The main reasons for using halogen-free materials include:<\/strong><br\/>1.<strong>Environmental Compliance<\/strong>: Meeting regulations such as the EU's RoHS and REACH to reduce environmental pollution.<br\/>2.<strong>Safety<\/strong>: Lowering the risk of toxic gas release during fires, enhancing the safety of electronic products.<br\/>3.<strong>Market Demand<\/strong>: Many international brands (e.g., Apple, Dell) require their supply chains to adopt halogen-free materials to align with green manufacturing trends.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/#faq-question-1765698789037\",\"position\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/#faq-question-1765698789037\",\"name\":\"Question 2: How Do Halogen-Free PCBs Differ in Performance Compared to Traditional PCBs?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>Answer:<\/strong><br\/>Halogen-free PCBs differ from traditional brominated flame-retardant PCBs in material properties, primarily in the following aspects:<br\/>1.<strong>Heat Resistance<\/strong>: Halogen-free materials typically have a higher glass transition temperature (Tg), but their coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) may be slightly larger, requiring optimized lamination processes.<br\/>2.<strong>Mechanical Strength<\/strong>: Some halogen-free substrates have lower toughness, which may affect drilling and mechanical processing, necessitating adjustments to process parameters.<br\/>3.<strong>Electrical Performance<\/strong>: Dielectric constant (Dk) and dissipation factor (Df) may be slightly higher, impacting high-frequency signal transmission. High-performance halogen-free materials may be required.<br\/>4.<strong>Cost<\/strong>: Halogen-free materials generally cost 10%\u201320% more than traditional materials, and their processing requirements are stricter.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/#faq-question-1765698833343\",\"position\":3,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/#faq-question-1765698833343\",\"name\":\"Question 3: What Issues Should Be Considered in the Production Process of Halogen-Free PCBs?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>Answer:<\/strong><br\/>The manufacturing process for halogen-free PCBs requires adjustments based on material characteristics. Key considerations include:<br\/><strong>1<\/strong>.<strong>Lamination Process<\/strong>: Halogen-free materials have poorer resin flowability, requiring optimized temperature, pressure, and time during pressing to avoid delamination or voids.<br\/>2.<strong>Drilling Process<\/strong>: The materials are harder and more abrasive to drill bits, necessitating specialized tools and controlled drilling parameters (e.g., speed, feed rate).<br\/>3.<strong>Solder Heat Resistance<\/strong>: Some halogen-free substrates are more sensitive to high temperatures, requiring controlled reflow soldering temperature profiles to prevent blistering or discoloration.<br\/>4.<strong>Quality Control<\/strong>: Rigorous reliability testing (e.g., CAF resistance, thermal stress testing) is essential to ensure compliance with halogen-free standards such as IPC-4101B.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0418\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c - hansphere","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/","og_locale":"ru_RU","og_type":"article","og_title":"A Comprehensive Guide to Halogen-Free PCBs - hansphere","og_description":"Halogen-free PCBs require more than material swaps: they demand a systemic approach. 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\u0417\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<strong>Answer:<\/strong><br\/>A halogen-free PCB refers to a printed circuit board that uses substrates and flame retardants free of halogens (such as chlorine and bromine). Halogens (especially brominated flame retardants) commonly used in traditional PCBs may produce toxic gases (e.g., dioxins) under high temperatures or combustion, posing risks to the environment and human health.<br\/><strong>The main reasons for using halogen-free materials include:<\/strong><br\/>1.<strong>Environmental Compliance<\/strong>: Meeting regulations such as the EU's RoHS and REACH to reduce environmental pollution.<br\/>2.<strong>Safety<\/strong>: Lowering the risk of toxic gas release during fires, enhancing the safety of electronic products.<br\/>3.<strong>Market Demand<\/strong>: Many international brands (e.g., Apple, Dell) require their supply chains to adopt halogen-free materials to align with green manufacturing trends.","inLanguage":"ru-RU"},"inLanguage":"ru-RU"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/#faq-question-1765698789037","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/#faq-question-1765698789037","name":"\u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 2: \u0427\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<strong>Answer:<\/strong><br\/>Halogen-free PCBs differ from traditional brominated flame-retardant PCBs in material properties, primarily in the following aspects:<br\/>1.<strong>Heat Resistance<\/strong>: Halogen-free materials typically have a higher glass transition temperature (Tg), but their coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) may be slightly larger, requiring optimized lamination processes.<br\/>2.<strong>Mechanical Strength<\/strong>: Some halogen-free substrates have lower toughness, which may affect drilling and mechanical processing, necessitating adjustments to process parameters.<br\/>3.<strong>Electrical Performance<\/strong>: Dielectric constant (Dk) and dissipation factor (Df) may be slightly higher, impacting high-frequency signal transmission. High-performance halogen-free materials may be required.<br\/>4.<strong>Cost<\/strong>: Halogen-free materials generally cost 10%\u201320% more than traditional materials, and their processing requirements are stricter.","inLanguage":"ru-RU"},"inLanguage":"ru-RU"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/#faq-question-1765698833343","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/blog\/guide\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-halogen-free-pcbs\/#faq-question-1765698833343","name":"\u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 3: \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041f\u0425\u0411?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<strong>Answer:<\/strong><br\/>The manufacturing process for halogen-free PCBs requires adjustments based on material characteristics. Key considerations include:<br\/><strong>1<\/strong>.<strong>Lamination Process<\/strong>: Halogen-free materials have poorer resin flowability, requiring optimized temperature, pressure, and time during pressing to avoid delamination or voids.<br\/>2.<strong>Drilling Process<\/strong>: The materials are harder and more abrasive to drill bits, necessitating specialized tools and controlled drilling parameters (e.g., speed, feed rate).<br\/>3.<strong>Solder Heat Resistance<\/strong>: Some halogen-free substrates are more sensitive to high temperatures, requiring controlled reflow soldering temperature profiles to prevent blistering or discoloration.<br\/>4.<strong>Quality Control<\/strong>: Rigorous reliability testing (e.g., CAF resistance, thermal stress testing) is essential to ensure compliance with halogen-free standards such as IPC-4101B.","inLanguage":"ru-RU"},"inLanguage":"ru-RU"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":136,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45\/revisions\/136"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.han-sphere.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}