ICT & Functional Test

Electrical Testing for
Production-Grade Reliability

From fixture-based In-Circuit Test on high-volume runs to boundary scan on dense digital boards and custom functional test against your spec — full electrical verification before a board ever leaves our floor.

Bed-of-Nails ICT Boundary Scan / JTAG Hipot / Dielectric Withstand Custom Functional Test
98%
Net & component test coverage
600/h
Max ICT throughput
7d
Typical fixture turnaround
0 ppm
Target defect escape rate
98%
Test coverage across ICT & functional
600/h
Peak production throughput
7d
Average ICT fixture turnaround
SPC
Yield analysis on every batch
Faults & Issues We Catch

Defects electrical testing
finds before shipment

ICT, boundary scan, hipot and functional test each target different failure modes. Hover to explore.

01

Component Value Drift

Resistors, capacitors and inductors measured in-circuit at high speed to catch values that have drifted outside tolerance.

02

Open / Short Circuits

Full bed-of-nails net verification catches broken connections and unintended bridging across every test point at production speed.

03

Dielectric Breakdown

Hipot and insulation resistance testing identifies weak isolation between power planes before a board ever sees line voltage.

04

Functional Failures

Powered-up functional test against your spec catches failures that pass net-level testing but don't perform in real operation.

05

Boundary Scan Faults

JTAG chain testing exposes interconnect faults on BGA and dense digital boards with no physical probe access.

06

Power Supply Faults

Functional test verifies rail voltages, regulation and load response against the customer's power budget spec.

07

Signal Path Failures

Custom functional jigs exercise real signal I/O to confirm the board performs its intended function end-to-end.

08

Early-Life Failures (Burn-In)

Extended burn-in cycling under load screens out infant-mortality failures before boards reach the customer.

Our Testing Process

From test spec to
signed-off production data

Whether you need a bed-of-nails fixture for high-volume ICT or a custom functional jig against your test spec, the process is engineered for repeatability and traceable data.

01

Test Spec & Fixture Design Review

Our test engineers review your test specification, netlist and BOM to define the right method — ICT, boundary scan, functional, hipot, or a combination — and design the fixture or program accordingly.

Method selection · fixture design
02

Fixture Fabrication & Program Setup

For ICT, a custom bed-of-nails fixture is built to your board's test-point layout. For boundary scan and functional test, we build and validate the test program and I/O simulation against your spec.

5–10 day typical ICT fixture build
03

First-Article Correlation

The new fixture or program is run against known-good and known-bad reference boards to confirm it correctly passes good units and fails defective ones before production begins.

Known-good / known-bad correlation
04

Production Test Run & Functional Verification

Boards are run through ICT and/or functional test at production speed, powering up the assembly and verifying it performs its intended function against your test spec — rails, I/O, load response and timing.

Up to 600 boards/hour
05

SPC Data Logging & Yield Reporting

Every test result is logged automatically. Statistical process control tracks yield trends and flags drift early, with reports available at lot, batch or serial-number level.

Real-time SPC · yield trend reporting
Equipment & Technology

The systems behind
production electrical test

From bed-of-nails fixtures to boundary scan and custom functional jigs — matched to your volume and test spec.

In-Circuit Test (ICT)

Bed-of-Nails Fixture Testing

A custom fixture with hundreds of spring-loaded pins contacts every test pad simultaneously, verifying component values, orientation and opens/shorts in seconds — the fastest per-unit test method once volume justifies the tooling.

up to 5,000+ test points <30s cycle time typical 500K+ touch fixture life
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Boundary Scan / JTAG

Boundary Scan Testing for BGA & Dense Digital Boards

IEEE 1149.1-compliant boundary scan chains test interconnects on components with no physical probe access — essential for BGA, QFN and other fine-pitch digital packages where ICT probe access is limited or impossible.

IEEE 1149.1 compliant no physical probe required complements ICT on dense boards
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Hipot / Dielectric Withstand

Safety Isolation & Hipot Testing

AC/DC hipot and insulation resistance testing verifies dielectric withstand and safety isolation on power-carrying and safety-critical boards, per UL and IEC test methods — essential wherever mains or high-voltage isolation is safety-critical.

up to 4,000VAC test voltage ≥100MΩ insulation resistance leakage current monitoring
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Custom Functional Test

Application-Specific Functional Test Fixtures

Custom jigs simulate real-world inputs, loads and signal conditions, powering up the assembled board and verifying it performs its intended electrical function against your test spec — including extended burn-in for early failure screening.

custom I/O & load simulation 24–168h burn-in configurable pass/fail vs customer spec
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Technical Specifications

Electrical test
capabilities.

ICT, boundary scan, hipot and functional test parameters, matched to your volume and reliability requirements. Full test reports and SPC data ship with every production run.

  • 5–10d
    ICT fixture turnaround
  • 98%
    Net & component test coverage
  • 600/h
    Peak production throughput
  • 95%
    Boundary scan coverage
Request Test Capability Sheet →
ParameterElectrical Test CapabilityStatus
ICT Fixture Turnaround5–10 working days typicalAvailable
Test CoverageUp to 98% net / component coverageAvailable
Production Throughput200–600 boards/hour (volume dependent)Available
Voltage Test Range0–1,000V DC · up to 4,000VAC hipotAvailable
Current Test RangeµA leakage to 30A functional loadAvailable
Boundary Scan CoverageUp to 95% on JTAG-compliant netsAvailable
Burn-In Duration24–168 hours, configurableAvailable
Functional TestCustom fixture built per customer specAvailable
Data & Yield ReportingReal-time SPC, lot / serial-level loggingAvailable
Quality & Compliance

Test data your quality team can audit.

Every production test run is logged with lot-level traceability. First-article correlation, SPC trend data and yield reports are available on request for every batch.

ISO 9001 : 2015
Third-party audited quality management
IATF 16949 : 2016
Automotive quality management system
AS9100D
Aerospace quality management system
IPC-A-610 Class 2 / 3
Acceptability of electronic assemblies

Complementary Inspection Methods

  • Automated Optical Inspection (AOI)Pre-test visual verification of every assembly
  • X-Ray Inspection — BGA & Hidden JointsConfirms solder joint integrity before power-up
  • Flying Probe TestRecommended for prototypes and pre-production builds
  • Final Visual InspectionCosmetic and mechanical check before packing
  • Burn-In TestingExtended load cycling to screen early-life failures
  • Boundary Scan (JTAG)Complements ICT on BGA and dense digital boards
Case Studies

Projects we've tested

Real production electrical test challenges — and how we solved them.

Automotive · High-Volume ICT

ECU Production Line — 500K Unit Annual Run

Custom bed-of-nails fixture built for a 12-layer ECU board running at high volume, with full IATF-aligned SPC data logging on every batch.

500/h
Throughput
98%
Coverage
0ppm
Field defects
Outcome

Zero field failures across the first annual production cycle. SPC trend data flagged a probe wear issue early, avoiding a yield dip.

Telecom · BGA / Boundary Scan

5G Base Station Board — JTAG Boundary Scan

Dense digital board with multiple fully-shrouded BGAs, tested via boundary scan where physical probe access wasn't possible.

95%
Scan coverage
6
BGA devices
0
Escapes to functional
Outcome

Boundary scan caught two interconnect opens under BGA packages that ICT alone could not have physically accessed.

Power Electronics · Hipot / Functional

EV Charger Power Module — Hipot & Functional Test

Safety-critical power module requiring dielectric withstand testing plus a custom functional jig simulating real load conditions.

4kV
Hipot test
30A
Load simulated
72h
Burn-in run
Outcome

Custom functional fixture and 72-hour burn-in screened out two early-life failures before the units shipped to the customer.

Why HanSphere

Why production teams
trust our electrical test.

Volume production needs more than a probe — it needs repeatable fixtures, real coverage data and a partner who can flag drift before it becomes a field failure.

98%
Test coverage

High test coverage across ICT, boundary scan & functional

We combine test methods so components with no physical probe access are still verified — coverage isn't limited to what a bed-of-nails alone can reach.

600/h
Peak throughput

High-throughput ICT for volume production

Custom bed-of-nails fixtures test hundreds of boards per hour at production speed, keeping electrical verification off your critical path.

SPC
Real-time analysis

Real-time yield analysis and statistical process control

Every test result feeds SPC trend charts, so drift in yield or a specific fault type is flagged and addressed before it becomes a field problem.

UL
Safety compliance

Certified hipot / dielectric safety test process

Isolation and dielectric withstand testing is run to UL and IEC test methods for boards where electrical safety compliance is non-negotiable.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

Common questions about ICT, boundary scan, hipot and functional test, and how to choose between them.

ICT verifies individual components and net connections — values, orientation, opens/shorts — with the board unpowered or lightly biased. Functional test powers the board up and exercises it as it would run in the field, verifying that it actually performs its intended function against your test spec. Most production programs use both: ICT to catch build defects, functional test to confirm end-to-end performance.

ICT fixtures typically pay for themselves once you're running consistent volumes — the per-unit test time is much faster than flying probe once the fixture exists. If your design is still changing or your volume is low-to-medium, flying probe usually makes more economic sense since it avoids the 5–10 day fixture lead time and tooling cost entirely.

Boundary scan uses the IEEE 1149.1 JTAG standard built into many digital ICs to test interconnects without a physical probe touching the pin. It's essential for BGA, QFN and other fine-pitch packages where mechanical probe access simply isn't possible, and we typically run it alongside ICT to close the coverage gap on dense digital boards.

Hipot testing applies a high AC or DC test voltage between isolated conductors — typically mains-to-secondary or power-to-chassis — to confirm the insulation can withstand normal operating stress without breaking down. We measure leakage current and insulation resistance against your target spec, which is standard on any board where electrical safety isolation matters.

Yes. Burn-in runs assembled boards under load at elevated temperature for a configurable period — typically 24 to 168 hours — to accelerate and screen out infant-mortality failures before shipment. It's commonly specified for automotive, industrial and safety-critical programs where field failures carry a high cost.

Every board's test result is logged automatically — pass/fail, fault type and location where applicable — and rolled up into SPC yield trend reports at lot, batch or serial-number level. Reports are available on request for every production run, and we'll flag any yield drift proactively rather than waiting for a formal review.

Get a Quote

Start your electrical
test project today.

Send us your netlist, BOM and test spec and our test engineering team will recommend the right method mix and return a quote within 8 working hours.

  • Method recommendation included with every enquiry
  • NDA signed on request — standard practice
  • IATF 16949 / AS9100D documentation available
  • Response within 8 working hours
  • No commitment required to get a quote
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